Already the Arabian Peninsula’s poorest state, Yemen is grappling with what the United Nations calls one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises during eight years of war that has divided the country and wrecked the economy and infrastructure.

The conflict, which has killed tens of thousands of people, pits a Saudi Arabian-led military coalition against the Iran-aligned Houthis, who largely run northern Yemen after ousting the internationally recognized government from the capital, Sana’a.

The Houthis have blamed shortages of basic goods in the import-reliant country on a coalition sea and air blockade on Houthi-held ports and Sana’a airport, which has eased under last year’s expired UN-brokered truce deal that has still held.

The Houthis have faced criticism from humanitarian organizations for impeding aid movement, which has also led to concern from donor states.

Humanitarian assistance 

In 2023, some 21 million people, or two-thirds of Yemen’s population, will need humanitarian aid and protection, according to the United Nations.

The World Food Programme said, in February, that over the past year the number of people living in famine-like conditions fell from 161,000 to zero, but warned gains could be reversed.

The UN humanitarian plan requires $4.3 billion this year to reach the 17 million most vulnerable people. Last month, a UN official said only $1.16 billion had been pledged by crisis-strained donors, so far, the lowest raised for Yemen since 2017.

Underfunding has seen agencies scale back aid projects.

More than 14 million people are in acute need. An estimated 4.5 million people, including 2 million children, are displaced, most of whom have been forced to relocate multiple times.

Economy 

The conflict has destroyed Yemen’s economy and the national poverty rate was estimated at about 80 percent in 2022, according to the United Nations. Most public sector employees have not been paid on a consistent basis for years.

Acute food insecurity in Yemen is driven by rising food prices and dwindling livelihoods and economic opportunities.

Competing monetary policies of the internationally recognized government based in the south and the Houthis have left divergent exchange rates of the Yemeni rial.

The expired truce deal has offered relief, delivering a year of relative calm and facilitating the flow of food, fuel, and other commercial ships into the main Hudaydah port.

Services

The war has destroyed basic infrastructure and services.

Millions of children lack access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene services, and the country is vulnerable to disease outbreaks, including those preventable by vaccination.

According to a UN report last year, only 54 percent of health facilities in the country were reported to be fully operational.

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